America's Solar Supply Chain Faces Domestic Production Gaps

The U.S. has rapidly scaled solar deployment to become the dominant source of new electricity capacity, but manufacturing remains heavily reliant on imports and concentrated in a handful of companies, creating vulnerabilities in the clean energy transition. Without domestic production across polysilicon, wafers, cells, and modules—where China controls 80%+ of global capacity—America's solar ambitions depend on geopolitical stability and tariff policy rather than resilient infrastructure. The gap between deployment speed and supply chain localization is becoming a political and strategic liability as policymakers recognize that growth alone does not deliver energy independence.