Source: The Wall Street Journal (paywall)
A7 has become the infrastructure backbone of Russian commerce under Western sanctions, processing roughly one-fifth of all cross-border payments by handling transactions that SWIFT and traditional banking channels now reject. The network's success exposes a gap in sanctions enforcement: even without access to dollar clearing or major financial hubs, Russia has built a functioning parallel system using smaller banks, cryptocurrency on-ramps, and bilateral trade arrangements that the West has struggled to disrupt at scale. Western policymakers now face a question: whether sanctions architecture designed for the pre-digital era can contain an economy willing to accept friction and lower efficiency in exchange for operational independence.