Source: Volts
Battery costs have dropped from $1,000/kWh to under $100/kWh. Motors, semiconductors, and power electronics have followed similar trajectories, making electric powertrains economically inevitable across vehicles, tools, and appliances. Infrastructure—charging networks, grid capacity, supply chains—is now the binding constraint, not technology or unit economics. The next decade's competitive advantage goes to whoever owns the charging and distribution networks and manages demand response, not the hardware itself. Energy companies are competing with automakers. Grid modernization spending has become a trillion-dollar bet.