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Why Western subsidies obsession misses China's real advantage

The subsidy debate lets Western policymakers avoid a harder question: China's industrial dominance stems from structural advantages in scale, supply-chain integration, and state-directed capital allocation that tariffs cannot easily counter. Europe and the U.S. are fighting yesterday's trade war. China has moved to vertical integration and market capture. The competitive threat isn't the money flowing into Chinese factories—it's the ecosystem efficiency that makes their subsidies work.